Diet
- Fat, and enough of it
Very-low-fat diets may modestly lower testosterone (dietary fat and cholesterol are the raw material for making it), so there's no case for cutting fat to zero. Just as important: chronic under-eating lowers testosterone, especially in already-lean men — the axis reads a large energy deficit as a reason to down-regulate. Don't crash-diet for testosterone if you're not carrying excess fat. Overall, macronutrient effects are small next to body fat. Evidence ●●●○○