Uric Acid

Routine annual

also urate

What it isUric acid is the end product of purine metabolism — purines coming from DNA in food, dietary fructose, alcohol, and cellular turnover. The kidneys clear most of it; the gut handles the rest.

DoesFunctions as a circulating antioxidant in small amounts but crystallizes in joints and tissues when concentrations climb too high.

GoodA mid-low level provides antioxidant benefit without crystallization risk.

BadHigh uric acid causes gout, kidney stones, and chronic kidney disease, and independently predicts hypertension, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and cardiovascular events. Fructose is its single largest dietary driver.

Standard
Men 3.4–7.0 mg/dL; women 2.4–6.0 mg/dL.
Optimal
3.5–5.0 mg/dL men, 3.0–4.5 mg/dL women (lower is good)
Modifiers
Higher in men; rises with alcohol (especially beer), fructose, dehydration, fasting, and high purine intake.

How to optimize

Lifestyle
Stay well hydrated; avoid binge drinking; resistance training and Zone 2 cardio to drop visceral fat and insulin resistance.
Diet
Cut fructose-sweetened drinks, fruit juice, and alcohol. Moderate organ meats and shellfish. Cherries and coffee lower it modestly. Adequate vitamin C from whole foods.
Supplements
Vitamin C (500–1000mg/day), tart cherry extract, quercetin (500mg/day).
Peptides
Drugs
Allopurinol, febuxostat (for established gout); losartan lowers uric acid as a bonus for hypertensive patients. --