Magnesium (serum)

Routine annual

also mg

What it isMagnesium is a divalent cation that serves as a cofactor in over 300 enzyme reactions. Only about 1% of body magnesium is in blood; most is in bone and inside cells.

DoesDrives ATP-dependent reactions, stabilizes nerve and muscle membranes, modulates calcium and potassium channels, supports DNA synthesis and insulin signaling.

GoodMid-range serum magnesium signals adequate magnesium status, though serum is a poor reflection of total body stores.

BadEven high-normal serum magnesium can mask intracellular deficiency. True magnesium deficiency drives muscle cramps, arrhythmias, insulin resistance, migraine, anxiety, and insomnia.

Standard

1.6–2.6 mg/dL.

Optimal

2.0–2.4 mg/dL (narrow target)

Modifiers

Falls with diuretics, proton pump inhibitors, alcohol; depleted by stress.

How to optimize

Lifestyle: Stress management; cut alcohol.
Diet: Pumpkin seeds, dark leafy greens, almonds, cashews, dark chocolate, beans, avocado.
Supplements: Magnesium glycinate (300–400mg/day) — well-absorbed, calming; magnesium L-threonate for cognition; magnesium citrate for constipation; avoid magnesium oxide (poorly absorbed).
Peptides: —
Drugs: IV magnesium for arrhythmias, eclampsia, severe asthma.

within Minerals