Klotho

Specialist

also α-klotho, soluble klotho

What it isA protein produced mainly in kidney and brain, secreted into circulation as soluble Klotho. It regulates phosphate handling, FGF23 signaling, and a constellation of longevity-related pathways. Mice without Klotho age rapidly; those overexpressing it live longer.

DoesModulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, insulin/IGF-1 signaling, oxidative stress, and protects vascular, kidney, and brain tissue.

GoodHigher circulating Klotho associates with longer life, better kidney, and slower cognitive decline.

BadLow Klotho correlates with chronic kidney disease, vascular calcification, cognitive impairment, and higher all-cause mortality. Clinical assays remain research-grade with limited standardization.

Standard

380–1500 pg/mL (assay-dependent).

Optimal

900–1500 pg/mL (higher is good)

Modifiers

Declines with age and kidney disease; varies substantially by assay.

How to optimize

Lifestyle: Aerobic exercise consistently raises Klotho; resistance training, sauna, and adequate sleep also help.
Diet: Mediterranean pattern; adequate phosphate balance; avoid excess processed-food phosphate additives.
Supplements: Vitamin D3 if deficient, omega-3 EPA+DHA, magnesium glycinate, curcumin.
Peptides: No established clinical peptide directly raises Klotho.
Drugs: Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors modestly raise Klotho in kidney disease.

within Longevity & Healthspan