Lactoferrin
An iron-binding immune protein found in colostrum, breast milk, and saliva. Manages iron, kills pathogens, modulates immunity — and improves iron status without iron's GI side effects.
Moderate evidence for: iron-deficiency anemia (Italian trials showed lactoferrin equivalent to ferrous sulfate without GI side effects), reduced infection rates in vulnerable populations (neonates, elderly), gut barrier support. Effects: 8–12 weeks for iron.
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein the immune system uses to bind and sequester iron — depriving pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi of the iron they need to replicate, while delivering bioavailable iron to host cells. It also has direct antimicrobial activity, modulates inflammatory cytokines, and supports gut barrier function. Particularly useful for iron-deficient individuals who can't tolerate iron supplements — lactoferrin improves iron status with fewer GI side effects. Also widely used in immune-support and SIBO protocols.
- Form
- Apolactoferrin (iron-free) — best for general immune use. Lactoferrin from bovine whey — most common, well-tolerated. Look for low-heat-processed forms.
- Dose
- 200–400 mg/day. Up to 600 mg/day for iron-deficiency anemia protocols.
- Timing
- Empty stomach (away from food) for systemic immune effects. With iron for absorption support.
- Schedule
- Daily.
- Side effects
- Generally well-tolerated. Constipation rarely (less than iron supplements). Mild GI upset.
- Interactions
- Generally clean. May modestly enhance some antibiotic effects.
- Contraindications
- Dairy allergy (cow's milk protein). Hemochromatosis (caution — even though lactoferrin balances iron use, additional iron-related compounds may not be ideal).
- Lab markers
- Ferritin, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation for iron status. CRP, immune markers for inflammation.
- Food sources
- Breast milk, colostrum (any species), dairy (small amounts — most destroyed by pasteurisation).
Pairs with
Iron (if deficient) — supports absorption. Colostrum (lactoferrin is a key colostrum component — additive). Vitamin C.
within Probiotics & gut