Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol)

Specialist

also

What it isVitamin E is a family of fat-soluble antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans, but the mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols together provide the full benefit.

DoesProtects cell membrane lipids from peroxidation; supports cardiovascular and neurological health.

GoodAdequate vitamin E protects membranes against oxidative damage and supports skin and cardiovascular health.

BadDeficiency is rare in adults but causes neuropathy and anemia. High-dose alpha-tocopherol alone can disrupt the mixed tocopherol balance and raise bleeding risk.

Standard
5.5–17 mg/L.
Optimal
10–15 mg/L (narrow target)
Modifiers
Falls with fat malabsorption; smokers need more.

How to optimize

Lifestyle
Quit smoking.
Diet
Almonds, sunflower seeds, hazelnuts, avocado, olive oil, wheat germ.
Supplements
Mixed tocopherols (200 IU/day) rather than alpha-tocopherol alone.
Peptides
Drugs